Second Grade Math

Standard 1:       The student uses numerical and computational concepts and procedures in a variety of situations.  

Benchmark 1:  NUMBER SENSE - The student demonstrates number sense for three-digit whole numbers and simple fractions in a variety of situations.

Second Grade Knowledge Base Indicators

                  The student:

                  1.       compares and orders whole numbers  to 1,000 and simple fractions (fourths, thirds, and halves) using concrete materials.

                  2.       knows, explains, and represents whole numbers to 1,000.

                  3.       uses addition and subtraction facts to show equivalent representations for whole numbers such as  8-5=2+1 or 20+40=70-10.

                  4.       identifies coins, states their values, and determines the total value (to $1.00) of a mixed group of coins using pennies, nickels, dimes, quarters, or half-dollars.

                  5.       counts like combinations of the following bills: $1, $5, $10, and $20.

                  6.       identifies and uses ordinal positions 1st through 20th.

Second Grade Application Indicators

                  The student:

                  1.       uses appropriate representations of whole numbers to formulate and solve real-world problems.

2.           determines reasonableness of numerical values involving whole numbers to 1,000, simple                                  fractions, and money using decimals up to hundredths.

Benchmark 2: NUMBER SYSTEMS AND THEIR PROPERTIES - The student demonstrates an understanding of simple fractions (fourths, thirds, halves) and three-digit whole numbers with a special emphasis on place value, and recognizes, applies, and explains their properties.


Second Grade Knowledge Base Indicators

                  The student:

                  1.       identifies the place value of various digits in whole numbers to 1,000.

                  2.       counts subsets of numbers from 1 to 1,000 forwards and backwards such as 311, 312. 313,..., 317; 210, 209, 208, ..., 204.

                  3.       reads or writes whole numbers to 1,000 in numeric form and whole numbers from zero to 100 in words, such as 76 can be written as seventy-six.

                  4.       uses concepts of the following whole number properties and demonstrates their meaning with concrete materials:

                            a)  the commutative property of addition such as 3+2=2+3.

                            b)  the associative property of addition such as (3+2)+4=3+(2+4).

                            c)  the additive identity property (zero property of addition) such as 4+0=4.

                            d)  the symmetric property applied to basic addition and subtraction facts such as 10=2+8 is the same as 2+8=10 or  7=10-3 is the same as 10-3=7.

                  5.       identifies odd and even whole numbers to 100.

Second Grade Application Indicators

                  The student:

                 1.       uses properties of the whole number system and money to explain reasoning, and to formulate  and solve real-world problems.

2.           uses whole number properties to perform various computational procedures.

Benchmark 3:        ESTIMATION - The student uses numerical estimation with whole numbers up to 999, simple fractions, and money.

Second Grade Knowledge Base Indicators

                  The student:

                  1.       uses a variety of computational methods including mental mathematics, paper and pencil, concrete materials, to estimate quantities involving whole numbers, simple fractions, and money.

                  2.       uses various estimation techniques, including front-end with adjustment for two digit numbers, and rounding to the nearest ten, with whole numbers to 1000.

Second Grade Application Indicators

                    The student:

                 1.        uses estimation to check reasonableness of results and make predictions in situations involving whole numbers, simple fractions and money.

                 2.      adjusts original whole number estimates based on additional information (estimation from                                                a frame of reference).

Benchmark 4:        COMPUTATION - The student explains, models and performs computation with two-digit whole numbers in a variety of situations.

Second Grade Knowledge Base Indicators

                  The student:

                  1.       uses a variety of computational methods including mental arithmetic (doubles and neighbors), paper and pencil, and concrete materials.

                  2.       states and uses whole number addition facts with sums to 20 or less and corresponding subtraction facts with efficiency and accuracy.

                  3.       explains and performs addition and subtraction on amounts of money to 99¢ using cent notation (25¢ + 52¢) and concrete materials.

Second Grade Application Indicators

                  The student:

1.        selects and uses addition and subtraction procedures to formulate and solve real-world             problems involving whole numbers and money.

Standard 2:         The student uses algebraic concepts and procedures in a variety of situations.

Benchmark 1:        PATTERNS - The student recognizes, describes, extends, develops, and explains relationships in patterns from a variety of situations.

Second Grade Knowledge Base Indicators

                  Using concrete materials, drawings, or other representations, the student:

                  1.       identifies and continues patterns presented in a variety of formats:  numeric, visual, oral, written, kinesthetic, pictorial, tabular, graphical, or listing.

                  2.       creates a pattern. 

Second Grade Application Indicators

                  The student:

                 1.       generalizes a pattern using a written description.

2.        recognizes the same general pattern presented in different representations such as                  recognizing red, yellow, red, yellow, red, yellow . . . and 1,2,1,2,1,2 . . . are both examples of ab patterns.

Benchmark 2:        VARIABLES, EQUATIONS, AND INEQUALITIES - The student uses symbols and whole numbers up to 99 to solve addition and subtraction equations in a variety of situations.

Second Grade Knowledge Base Indicators

                  The student:

                  1.       explains or uses symbols for whole number unknown quantities.

                  2.       solves equations involving addition or subtraction in order to find the sum or difference such as 32+19=∆ or 79-46=∆.

                  3.       finds missing addends and subtrahends using basic addition and subtraction facts such as 7+ ∆=12 or 12-∆=7.

                  4.       solves money equations involving up to two different coins such as nickel + penny = ∆ ¢.

5.          compares two whole numbers between 0 and 1,000 using symbols (<, >, or =) and words             such as less than, greater than, or equal to.

Second Grade Application Indicators

                  The student:

                     1.       uses symbols to represent problem situations which involve unknown quantities.

                2.      formulates and solves problem situations involving addition and subtraction.

Benchmark 3:        FUNCTIONS - The student recognizes and describes relationships between whole numbers through 99 in a variety situations.

Second Grade Knowledge Base Indicators

                  The student:

                  1.       uses a variety of methods to recognize  relationships including mental mathematics, paper and pencil, and concrete materials.

                  2.       generalizes simple numeric patterns by stating the rule using symbol notation such as for 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 . . .; the rule is o  + 2 each time.

                  3.       uses numbers and symbols to describe whole number addition and subtraction relationships.  3+2=5, o +2=5.

                  4.       graphs ordered pairs on a given grid in the first quadrant.

                5.       finds values or determines the rule from input/out machines, T-tables or function tables                                    which involve addition or subtraction of whole numbers.

Second Grade Application Indicators

                  The student:

                 1.       uses concrete items, symbols, oral descriptions or pictures to represent and describe mathematical relationships.

2.          recognizes and extends numerical patterns.

Benchmark 4:        MODELS - The student develops and uses models to represent and show mathematical relationships found in a variety of situations.

Second Grade Knowledge Base Indicators

                  The student:

                  1.       uses mathematical models to represent and explain mathematical concepts and procedures.

                     2.      uses concrete objects, diagrams, pictures and dramatizations to show the relationship                                                 between two or more things.

Second Grade Application Indicators

                  The student:

1.           recognizes the same situation can be represented in more than one way such as using base-  ten blocks, the number line or properties of whole numbers to explain a procedure for the addition of two whole numbers

Standard 3:  The student uses geometric concepts and procedures in a variety of situations.

Benchmark 1:        GEOMETRIC FIGURES AND THEIR PROPERTIES - The student recognizes and describes properties of simple geometric shapes.

Second Grade Knowledge Base Indicators

                  The student:

                  1.       uses manipulatives and drawings to recognize or investigate properties of geometric figures.

                  2.       compares the following geometric figures: circle, square, rectangle, triangle, and ellipse (oval).

                  3.       recognizes, draws, and describes the following geometric figures: circle, square, rectangle, triangle, and ellipse (oval).

                  4.       recognizes the following figures from a basic pattern block set:  square, triangle, rhombus, hexagon, parallelogram and trapezoid.

5.           recognizes the following geometric solids: cubes, cylinders, cones, and spheres.

Second Grade Application Indicators

                  The student:

                 1.       formulates and solves real-world problems by applying properties of geometric figures.

                 2.       categorizes a composite figure into the shapes used to form it.

                 3.        combines several geometric shapes to make a larger shape

Benchmark 2:        MEASUREMENT AND ESTIMATION - The student estimates and measures using standard and nonstandard units in a variety of situations with an emphasis on the use of concrete materials.

Second Grade Knowledge Base Indicators

  The student:

                  1.       measures length to the nearest inch, to the nearest centimeter, and nonstandard units of length to the nearest whole unit; volume to the nearest pint, cup, quart, gallon or liter; temperature to the nearest degree.

                  2.       selects or uses measurement tools for length, volume, temperature, and weight, and units of measure  appropriate for the given situation.

                  3.       states the number of minutes in an hour.

                  4.       reads and tells time to the nearest quarter-hour using analog and digital clocks.

Second Grade Application Indicators

                  The student:

                 1.       formulates and solves real-world problems by applying measurements and measurement formulas.

                 2.       uses estimation to check reasonableness of measurements and calculations.

                 3.       adjusts original measurements based on additional information (estimation from a frame of reference).

                 4.       uses a balance to compare the weights of more than two objects.

Benchmark 3:        TRANSFORMATIONAL GEOMETRY - The student recognizes and describes a single geometric transformation of simple shapes or objects in a variety of situations.

Second Grade Knowledge Base Indicators

                  The student:

                  1.       recognizes when a simple shape has undergone one transformation (rotation/turn, reflection/flip, and translation/slide).

                 2.       recognizes two- or three-dimensional objects as they would appear from near or far.

Second Grade Application Indicators

                  The student:

                 1.       shows two simple shapes are congruent by physically fitting one shape on top of the other.

2.           gives or follows directions to move objects from one location to another.

Benchmark 4:        GEOMETRY FROM AN ALGEBRAIC PERSPECTIVE - The student identifies one or more points on a simple coordinate system (number line or grid) in a variety of situations.

Second Grade Knowledge Base Indicators

                  The student:

                  1.       uses the number line to represent the distance between two whole numbers.

                  2.       uses a number line to model addition and subtraction.

                  3.       places or locates whole numbers to 1,000 on a number line.

Second Grade Application Indicators

                  The student:       

                  1.       uses the number line to formulate and solve real-world problems.

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